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带有up和down的动词短语常用来表示某种品质的增加或减少。每个表示某种特质的用法后面都有意义相近的动词或简短的解释。每个带有up或down的动词短语后面都有两个例句。下面是一个例子：

Up = Increase in Value

增值

Down = Decrease in Value

贬值

to put up (S) = to raise

提高

The supermarket put coffee prices up in January.

一月份，超市的咖啡涨价了。

to bring down (S) = to reduce

减少

The recession brought profits down sharply.

经济萧条使得利润剧减。

Remember that phrasal verbs can be either separable or inseparable. Each phrasal verb is also marked as separable (S) or inseparable (I). In the case that verbs are separable

examples will use the separable form of the phrasal verb. For inseparable phrasal verbs

examples keep the phrasal verbs together.

记住，动词短语既可以是可分割（separable）的，又可以是不可分割（inseparable）的。当动词可以分割时，我们引用的就是动词短语分割的例子。对于不可分割的动词短语，我们举出的就是动词短语连用的例子。

Phrasal Verbs with Up

Up = Increase in Value

增值

to put up (S) = to raise

上升（S）

We'll he to put our prices up to pete.

我们也会提高价格来参与竞争。

He they put the price of corn up recently?

最近他们的玉米涨价了吗？

to go up (I) = to increase

增加（I）

The price of gas went up in March.

三月份油价上涨了。

Our rent went up in January.

一月份我们的租金上涨了。

Up = Increase in Size

尺寸变大

to bring up (S) = to raise (usually children)

抚养（通常是小孩）（S）

They brought their children up to be responsible *** s.

他们将孩子养大成人。

We're bringing up o children.

我们会把两个孩子抚养长大。

to grow up (I) = to bee older

年纪增长（I）

You've grown up since I last saw you.

你比我上次见到你时长大了。

The children grew up so fast.

孩子们长得真快。

Up = Increase in Speed

速度加快

to speed up (I) = to go faster in a vehicle

交通工具行驶速度加快（I）

He quickly sped up to sixty miles an hour.

他很快将速度加到每小时六十英里。

His motorcycle can speed up to 100 quickly.

他的摩托车速度可以很快达到100英里每小时。

to hurry up (I) = to do something faster

to get ready faster

做某事速度放快，快点做准备（I）

Could you please hurry up?!

你能快点吗？！

I'll hurry up and finish this report.

我会加快速度完成这篇报告。

Up = Increase in Heat

温度上升

to heat up (S) = to make hotter

加热（S）

I'll heat the soup up for lunch.

我会把汤热一热作为午餐。

What should I heat up for dinner?

晚餐我该热点什么吃呢？

to warm up (S) = to make hotter

加热（S）

I'll warm this soup up for lunch.

我会把汤热一热当午餐。

Would you like me to warm your tea up?

我来帮你把茶热一下吧？

Up = Increase in Hiness

Excitement

更加快乐、兴奋

to cheer up (S) = to make someone hier

使某人更快乐（S）

Can you cheer Tim up?

你能为蒂姆鼓鼓劲吗？

I think we need to cheer them up with a song or o.

我觉得，咱们应该用一两首歌为他们加油。

to liven up (S) = to make something more fun

使某事更加有趣（S）

Let's liven this party up with a game.

我们来玩玩游戏，为聚会更有气氛吧。

We need to liven this meeting up.

我们要使会议更有趣味性。

Up = Increase Sound

音量加大

to turn up (S) = to raise the volume

调大音量（S）

Please turn the radio up.

请把收音机音量调大点。

I like to turn the stereo up when nobody is home.

家里没人时，我会把音响声音调大。

to speak up (I) = to speak with a stronger voice

说话音量加大（I）

You need to speak up for people to understand you.

你说话声音要大点，好让别人听清。

Please speak up in this room.

在这里说话声音要大点。

Up = Increase in Strength

加大力度

to build up (S) = to increase over time

逐渐增加

It's important to build your muscle strength up over time.

慢慢锻炼肌肉很重要。

They've built up an impressive stock portfolio.

他们已经加大了股票投资。

to pick up (I) = to improve over time

逐渐改善（I）

My health has picked up over the past few days.

这段时间以来，我的身体慢慢好转了。

The stock market has picked up recently.

最近股票市场逐渐走热。

Phrasal Verbs with Down

Down = Decrease in Value

贬值

to bring down (S) = to reduce

减少（S）

They bring down prices after Christmas.

圣诞节后，他们降价了。

The summer brought heating oil prices down.

这个夏天，燃料油价格下降了。

to go down (I) = to decrease

减少（I）

The value of the house went down during the recession.

经济萧条期间，房价下跌了。

Gas prices he gone down dramatically over the past few months.

这几个月以来，油价剧烈下跌。

to cut down (S) = to reduce the value of

贬值

We've cut our research and development budget down significantly.

我们已经大大减少了研究和发展的预算。

They've cut their investments down to half.

他们已经将投资减少了一半。

Down = Decrease in Speed

速度放慢

to slow down (I) = to reduce your speed

减速（I）

Slow down when you drive into town.

在城镇行驶时，注意减速。

My car slowed down and stopped at the intersection.

我的车慢慢减速，停在了市镇。

Down = Decrease in Temperature

温度下降

to cool down (S) = to a lower temperature

降温

You'll cool down after you stop exercising.

兴奋过后，你的体温会降下来。

This cool towel will cool you down.

冷毛巾会让你的体温降下来。

Down = Decrease in Excitement

冷静下来

to cool down (S) = to relax

放松（S）

I need to take a moment to cool down.

我需要一会儿时间放松下来。

Tom should cool his friend down so we can continue the meeting.

汤姆应该让他的朋友放松下来，我们才能继续会议。

to calm down (S) = to make less excited

平静下来（S）

I calmed the children down with a movie.

我用看**的方式让孩子们安静下来。

It took him a while to calm down after the meeting.

开完会后片刻，他才安静下来。

Down = Decrease in Volume

调小音量

to turn down (S) = to reduce the volume

调小音量（S）

Could you please turn that music down?

能请你把音乐声音调小一点吗？

I think you should turn the volume down on the radio.

我觉得你应该把收音机的音量调小一点。

to keep down (S) = to remain soft

保持柔和（S）

>Please keep your voices down in the library.

图书馆里要保持安静。

I'd like you to keep it down in this room.

我想请你在这里保持安静。

to quieten down (S) = to encourage someone to bee quieter

让某人安静一点（S）

Could you please quieten your children down?

你能让你的孩子们安静一点吗？

I'd like you to quieten the class down.

我想请你管好班上的纪律。

Down = Reduce Strength

减少浓度

to water down (S) = to reduce the strength of something (often alcohol)

降低某物的浓度（经常是在酒后）

Could you water this martini down?

你能在马蒂尼里加点水一下吗？

You need to water down your argument.

你需要淡化你的观点。

声明：本双语文章的中文翻译系原创内容，转载请注明出处。中文翻译仅代表译者个人观点，仅供参考。如有不妥之处，欢迎指正。

它已被记录在出版的文献，在商品市场的风险可以减少通过期货套期保值，那里的套期保值率根据不同的空调信息，如历史的现货和期货价格（索尔尼克，14；黑色，1990；峡谷和稳定不稳，1993）。早期的研究表明的好处常规套期保值策略源自回归现货收益期货报酬（埃德林顿，19；figlewki，）。最近的研究认为对冲比率是改变通过时间和用（广义自回归条件异方差）模型生成动态套期保值策略，而被发现有更好的表现比传统的战略（克朗，苏丹，1993；连战等人。，2002）。

本研究提供了进一步的完善的动态套期保值策略，不同于以往的研究中至少有2种方式。首先，铝和燃料油期货市场上海期货的考虑。他们现在被认为是有效运作，尽管学术研究中国期货市场是有限的（陈等人。，2005；留置权和杨，2008）。中国的期货市场起源于河南省郑州粮食批发市场1990和现在的轨道上稳步健康的成长。随着最近发展中国期货市场，值得注意的是，期货市场的厂商提供价格信息预警。此外，通过对冲机制的期货市场，厂家也可以抵消或转移价格风险的遗传到现货市场。此外，期货市场的存在，以帮助维护金融安全的中国资本市场。其次，时间序列模型介绍，捕捉长期记忆和非对称效应的基础上，并评估其能力估计时变最优套期保值比率。具体来说，该模型允许小幅综合误差修正项的条件意味着制定和同时使用不同类型的过程特点的非对称性影响的基础上，有条件的差异和相关现货和期货的回报。在实证文献，小幅综合误差修正模型是由格兰杰（1986）的情况下，分数共整合盛行。它是有用的知道，现货与期货的价格是相同的分数，和一个线性组合，他们有一个较小的分数阶。